The project budget is an activity budget with the budget control on the activity budget. This means that an activity structure must be filled and that the planning can be used.

An activity budget functions in more or less the same way as an element budget whose budget method depends on the way you structure your project.

Advantages of an activity budget over an element budget are:

• An activity budget is defined on a time horizon.
• You can use an activity budget for planning purposes in external scheduling packages.
• You can copy an activity budget to a top-down budget.
• You can use earned value methods to measure project performance.

You can either create activity budget lines in LN or in external scheduling packages.

The progress of an activity.

LN distinguishes two types of activity progress:

• Physical progress
• Schedule (time/duration) progress

Activities are sequenced with respect to work and specific dates to provide realistic schedules. An activity relationship indicates that a certain activity (successor) cannot start or end until another activity (predecessor) starts or ends.

You can define the following dependencies between the predecessor and the successor activities:

• Ende-bis-Anfang

  The initiation of the task of the successor depends upon the completion of the task of the predecessor

• Ende-bis-Ende

  The completion of the task of the successor depends upon the completion of the task of the predecessor

• Anfang-bis-Anfang

  The initiation of the task of the successor depends upon the initiation of the task of the predecessor.

• Anfang-bis-Ende

  The completion of the task of the successor depends upon the initiation of the task of the predecessor.

The real costs incurred on a project. These costs are logged in Project Cost Ledger. Example: Inventory Cost, Purchase Invoice Cost, Price Variances, Manual Costs, and so on.

In LN, a modification to a frozen bottom-up budget. Modification will only increase or decrease the budget, for extensions the contract is also changed.

A way to efficiently manage your cash flow by requesting to pay an agreed amount before the project or a specific part of the project starts. The advance payment will be settled with the final invoice. For example, you can select a project and request an advance payment for certain project materials. The advance can be linked to an installment. For unit rate and cost-plus invoices, the advance payment request is settled with the next invoice(s).

A lumpsum contract or a reimbursable contract. In a reimbursable contract the customer agrees to pay all acceptable costs up to a fixed fee.

Der kleinste Teil einer Aktivitätenstruktur, der für ein zeitlich gestaffeltes Budget verwendet wird. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Einheit, die für einen Teil des Projekts in einer Aktivitätenstruktur steht.

LN unterscheidet die folgenden Aktivitätsarten:

• Element (WBS)
• Sammelkonto
• Arbeitspaket
• Planungspaket
• Meilenstein

Eine hierarchische Anordnung von Arbeitsschritten/Komponenten, die den gesamten Umfang des Projekts festlegen und überschaubar machen soll. Jede Ebene gibt eine ausführlichere Definition der Arbeiten, die erledigt werden müssen. Im Gegensatz zur Elementestruktur richtet sich die Aktivitätenstruktur nach der Zeit für die Aktivitäten.

The rate used to calculate the internal overhead costs for the contract or the project. Example, administrative costs.

To make a proportionate division or distribution for the earned value. When activity Y is apportioned to activity X, the earned value method of Y and X is the same. Y will copy X. X can have any earned value method.

Eine Art von Aktivität. Sie können kurzzeitige Arbeiten in Arbeitspaketen näher ausführen und für die Ausführung eines Projekts einsetzen.

Projects that are stored in an archive company. The project archive company can be used as a repository for historical project data.

The actual pieces of property, plant, or equipment that are uniquely utilised and used by an organization for a defined life time.

Interne EK-Kosten, die auf ein nicht journalisiertes Projekt gebucht werden können. Bei Direktlieferung werden die Anschaffungs- und Herstellungskosten separat gebucht. Wenn eine Lieferung durch ein Projektlager erfolgt, ist die aufgewendete Vorsteuer im Bewertungspreis oder in den Standardherstellkosten (SHK) enthalten.

A calculation that determines how many products are available (to sell or consume in a project) at a certain moment in the future.

An amount paid to the contractor in parts or as one-time payment based on the performance of the contractor.

A guarantee from the bank ensuring that the liabilities of the business partner are met.

The baseline is a snapshot of the active plan's scheduled activities' start and end dates for a specific date and time.

A statement of the price, terms of sale, and a description of goods or services offered by a supplier or contractor to a prospective buyer. The customer data, bid values, and payment terms are contained in the header; the data for the actual goods or services is specified on the bid lines. A bid is usually considered as an offer to sell, when a response is sent to a request for quotation or proposal.

The time interval defined to generate billing statement for the contract.

The rate used to calculate the external overhead costs that are billable to the business partner. The billing rate is used to invoice the business partner.

This budget method defines all work that must be accomplished to complete the budget. A bottom-up budget is made for elements or activities.

An analysis of the bottom-up budget. You can run several cost analyses for the same budget. Each budget is stored with a combined project code and budget cost-analysis code, so you can compare the budgets.

Codes by which amounts and time quantities of budget lines are calculated for budget cost analysis.

The date of a budget line.

This date is used for:

• Currency conversions that relate to the project. A currency conversion is date-effective. The budget date determines which currency rate is used.
• Prices. These can also be date-effective. The budget date of a bottom-up budget line determines the price or rate of the cost object.

The way to budget and measure expected productivity.

LN distinguishes two methods in the bottom-up budget:

• Produktionsrate: the number of production units produced per unit of time.
• Tätigkeitsnormwerte: the number of hours required to carry out one unit of the cost object.

A search path that determines which cost and labor sales rates from which sessions are used in labor budget lines: labor, trade group, project. The default labor rate that is used is defined as the level 1 labor rate. If this is not available, level 2 is used, and if this is not available, level 3 is used.

The most detailed level of a bottom-up budget. The elements or activities in a budget can contain an unlimited number of budget lines. Each budget line includes a quantity of a cost object, a cost component to which the cost object is assigned, and a budget date.

The status of the budget line. The status defaults from the element or activity to which it belongs.

LN distinguishes these statuses:

• Frei: the general data for a budget line has been recorded, and can be changed.
• Aktiv: you can still change the budget data and generate the control data. You can also log the budget history.
• Definitiv: you cannot change the budget data anymore. You can only add or change the budget lines through a budget adjustment. You can also log the actual budget history.

The budget status of an element or activity.

LN distinguishes these statuses:

• Frei: you can enter and change budget lines.
• Aktiv: you can change the budget data and the budget lines. In addition, the control data can be generated and the actual budget history can also be logged.
• Definitiv: you cannot change the budget data without using budget adjustments.

An area of commercial endeavor. Projects can be categorized according to the business sector to which they refer.

Abbreviation of Commercial And Government Entity. A unique identifier assigned to suppliers to various government or defense agencies, as well as to government agencies themselves and also various organizations. CAGE codes are used internationally as part of the NATO Codification System (NCS), where they are sometimes called NCAGE codes.

A file containing calendar information for one or more calendars.

A project used for internal use in which deliverables can be booked as fixed asset but delivery of goods to customers is not possible. In a capital project, you are the business partner.

A user-definable classification for projects.

A financial obligation that represents future costs.

The activity node of the activity structure to which the external scheduling connection is established. The activities connected to the node are used in the external scheduling package. You cannot link an activity to an external scheduling package if the higher or lower level activity of the selected node is used for another project.

An agreement with the business partner that defines the terms and conditions like deliverables, billing plan, payment terms and so on. A contract can be linked to one or more projects.

The total amount of the project contract.

For a time-phased budget version, the contract amount is expressed as follows:

contract amount = profit fee + management reserve + distributed budget + undistr. budget

The contract amount is used to determine the invoice limit.

An amount that is paid as an award or an incentive to the contractor, based on the terms and conditions of the contract.

The identification of a stage or a phase during the execution of the contract, for example, bidding, printed, sent to customer, and so on.

Data that is used to monitor a project.

A cost-base assignment is the part of an overhead application base in which the cost-types, cost components or cost objects are defined over which overhead must be calculated.

An administrative item that represents certain expenses. The item is not a physical product and cannot be handled logistically.

A contract based on calculation of time and material after parts of the project are finished. Agreement on prices and labor is made before the project starts.

A contract that is carried out based on cost reimbursement and a profit percentage.

The correction form for a (partly) returned purchase or sales order. The credit note states the quantity and value of the goods concerned and the reason for the credit.

Abbreviation of DD Form 250 or Material Inspection and Receiving Report.

The default project warehouse to which goods are sent before they are used in the project.

The number of actual hours spent on a task, or a service for the business partner.

Bottom-up estimate lines that are not attached to any primary structure element.

The top-down budget part that is distributed across the activities.

You can look at a distributed budget on various levels:

• For activities: the distributed budget equals the budget that is already distributed to the lower level activities.
• For the version: the distributed budget equals the budget assigned to the top activity of the activity structure. This can at most be equal to the sum of the contract amount minus profit fee minus management reserve

A user-definable classification of project-related documents.

Abbreviation of Department of Defense Activity Address Code. A six-position code that has been awarded by the US government to a party involved. When assigned outside the Department of Defense, the codes are usually referred to as AACs or FEDAACs.

Abbreviation of Defense Priorities and Allocation System. DPAS is used to provide priority ratings for contracts related to orders from the US Department of Defense. DPAS-rated orders have higher priority than unrated orders.

A time-phased method for measuring project performance. It compares the amount of work that was planned with work that was actually accomplished to determine if cost and schedule performance are as planned.

There are a number of different ways in which you can use the earned value method to determine how budget amounts are to be earned:

• Meilensteine

  Milestones are attached to the activity and a percentage or amount of the budget is assigned to each milestone. When you reach a milestone, the assigned budget is earned.

• Anfangs- und Endprozentsatz

  Percentage values are assigned to the start and end points of the activities. In other words, the start percentage is earned when the activity starts and the remaining percentage is earned when the activity is completed.

• Fertigstellungsgrad

  Budget amounts are earned in proportion to the percentage progress of the activity

• Schwierigkeitsgrad

  Budget amounts are released in proportion to effort. This method is appropriate for time-driven activities where it is assumed that there will be no discrepancy between scheduled work planned (PV) and work performed (EV).

• Zugeteilt

  Apportioned efforts are those which have an intrinsic performance relationship to some other discrete activity. Budget amounts are earned in the same way as for the linked charge.

Der kleinste Teil einer Elementestruktur. Über Elemente wird die (Struktur der) Arbeiten für ein Projekt definiert, so dass es ausführbar wird.

The project budget is an element budget, which is linked to activities in order to create a control budget. This means an element and activity structure must be filled and that the planning can be used.

The project budget is an element budget with the budget control on the elements. This means that an element structure must be filled but that planning cannot be used.

Dient der Unterscheidung von Projektelementen. Ein Projekt mit der Fakturiermethode Fakturierung nach Fortschritt kann zwei Arten von Elementen enthalten: direkte und indirekte. Beträgt der Fortschritt mehr als 100%, können den direkten Elementen mehr als 100% Fortschritt zugeschrieben werden. Indirekte Elemente können nie mehr als 100% Fortschritt aufweisen.

The bottom-up budget or control budget that consists of elements. The alternative is an activity budget. The elements can be related in a multilevel hierarchical structure, and each element can contain cost-object budget lines.

The advantage of an element budget over an activity budget is:

• Multiple parents makes budgeting easy for repeating work.
• With the use of frequencies calculation of amounts needed of one element is faster and easier.

The way to determine the positioning of elements in comparison to other elements. Element relations are the basis of a layered (multilevel) element budget. The elements can also be linked to activities, a relation that is used when you generate control data for an element/activity budget. Elements use frequency as a tool to calculate element amounts fast and can have a multiparent structure.

Eine Elementestruktur besteht aus Elementen, die über mehrere Ebenen hierarchisch geordnet werden und so die Basis eines Elementebudgets bilden.

A type of cost object representing reusable resources that are not consumed while the project is carried out. Equipment can be purchased (rented or hired) from a third party for the project or internally owned. Example: machinery and tools such as cranes or welding machines .

A special equipment cost object that acts as a grouping to other equipment cost objects. This is a useful way of grouping together similar equipment cost objects.

Erlösrealisierung (im Rahmen eines Vertrags) ist der Prozess, der zur Berechnung (und folglich zur Buchung ins Hauptbuch) des Gesamterlöses führt, der auf der Grundlage des Vertragsfortschritts als erwirtschaftet gilt.

Hierbei handelt es sich um besondere Vereinbarungen innerhalb des ursprünglichen Vertrags oder die diesem hinzugefügt wurden. Ein Nachtrag zählt nicht zum Rahmen des anfänglichen Vertrags mit dem Kunden. Nachträge können dem Bottom-up-Budget zugewiesen werden.

LN unterscheidet vier Nachtragsarten:

• Umfangsänderung
• Vorläufiger Betrag
• Risikoverrechnung
• Zu verrechnende Differenzmengen

An estimate is the result of a cost engineering process that aims at determining the resources required to accomplish a task. An estimate is done to calculate cost, and/or sales price. You can use multiple methods. For example, a bottom-up or top-down structured. An estimate is also used as the starting point for a bid to a potential customer (internal or external).

A detailed estimate breakup. For example, if you require item A for the estimate, you enter this item with its specifications on the estimate line.

The estimate series is used to create a unique project number. Organizations can prefer to have separate project ranges for estimating projects or use estimating as a phase of a project and include estimating in the project used for execution.

The way in which the calculation of the estimate is performed. An estimate type is either top down or bottom up.

• Top-down

  In calculating the cost or sales amount in a top-down structure, you distribute a top amount to the lower level elements.

• Bottom-up

  In calculating the cost or sales amount in a bottom-up structure, you enter exact amounts for lowest level elements and aggregate them to make the top amount.

A means to compare estimates. An estimate can have various versions. Each version is stand-alone and is not derived from the previous version. A version can, however, be copied or compared.

A cost engineering process used to determine an estimate.

A way to group currency exchange rates. You can assign different currency exchange rates to different invoice-to business partners and/or to different types of transactions (purchase, sales, and so on).

Eine Gruppe von Ressourcen mit gleichen Kenntnissen, die für ein bestimmtes Lohnkostenobjekt eingesetzt werden können. Wenn wie noch keine genauen Reservierungen für Mitarbeiter vornehmen können, können Sie bei Ihrer Planung auch auf Fachgruppen zurückgreifen.

Ein Fakturierungsverfahren, das auf dem Fortschritt von Elementen und Aktivitäten basiert. Es gibt zwei Unterschiede bei der Fakturierung nach Preis pro Einheit:

Bei der Fakturierung nach Preis pro Einheit:

• Rechnungen basierend auf dem Fortschritt und dem Element oder eine bestimmte Verkaufspreisaktivität pro Einheit.
• Rechnungen, die mit dem Vertragswert verrechnet werden.

Dieses Verfahren wird nur für Vertragprojekte verwendet, um die Fakturierung im Paket Finanzwesen durchzuführen.

Für Investitionsprojekte gibt es keine Fakturierung. VK-Auftragsprojekte verwenden das Paket Fakturierung für die Fakturierung.

A way to characterize the project's financial results.

LN distinguishes three different financial result statuses:

• Frei

  This status applies until the project is finished.

• Ergebnis ermitteln

  If the project status is Beendet, you can select this financial result status.

• Ergebnis ermittelt

  The final result is determined and the project status is changed to Abgeschlossen.

A contract that is carried out for an agreed fixed price, also called a lump sum.

A type of manufacturing organization in which machines and operators handle a standard, usually uninterrupted, material flow. A flow shop is a mass-production shop and has a continuous manufacturing layout.

An extension type. The settlement of the price fluctuations' influence for invoicing purposes. You cannot define this extension type for Fakturierung nach Aufwand contracts and for contracts with Fakturierverfahren set to Preis pro Einheit.

Data that is not project specific. This data includes generic information on business partners, countries, elements, and so on. You can either enter this data in the Projektdefinition or in LN Allgemeine Daten.

Data that is project specific.

For example:

• Project cost object
• Project definition
• Project wage rates

Enter this data in the Projektdefinition module.

For a project, a soft commitment becomes a hard commitment when a purchase order is actually received and due for invoicing.

A percentage amount that the customer withholds from the contract amount. This serves as a guarantee that all activities are performed, and that contractual obligations are met. In other words the holdback amount is paid after the project activities have been satisfactorily performed.

LN uses hours control periods.

LN uses hours control periods to:

• Carry out periodic control of labor hours
• Realize hours accounting
• Process wages and salaries

This approach is required for companies that work in high-inflation countries.

The amount invoiced to the customer when a project completes its corresponding element/activity or reaches a milestone or progress of elements/activities.

The temporary financial result that you can consult while you carry out the project and which you can transfer to the profit and loss account.

Two interim result types exist:

• Kosten: transactions associated with costs.
• Erlös: transactions associated with revenues.

A type of project for which no sold-to business partners are defined and no invoicing is performed. The delivery of items does not apply. An internal project can optionally be capitalized, the value can be sent to the Anlagenbuchhaltung module in Finanzwesen.

LN distinguishes two project types:

• A capital project: deliverables can be booked as fixed assets, delivery of goods is not possible.
• An internal project: cannot be booked on the balance, and delivery of goods is not possible. The result is only visible in the profit and loss account.

The way to calculate project invoices for a given contract type. The invoice type determines when to issue invoices to the sold-to business partner.

LN distinguishes these invoice types:

• Fakturierung nach Aufwand

  The amount is based on the financial amounts entered at cost object level plus a profit. This method is only available if the contract type is Aufwand (Zeit und Material) or Kostenerstattung.

• Preis pro Einheit

  The amount is based on the financial amounts per unit entered at element or activity level. Unit-rate invoicing applies to both Festpreis and Aufwand (Zeit und Material) contract types.

• Nach Meilenstein/Datum

  The invoice amount is a subdivision of the value. This method is only available if the contract type is Festpreis.

• Fakturierung nach Fortschritt

  The invoice amount is based on progress for element or activity. Two types of elements are allowed: direct and indirect. The calculated amount of the direct elements depends on their own progress. The calculated amount of the indirect elements is based on the progress of the project as a whole and can never be more than 100%.

• Basierend auf Lieferung

  Invoicing is based on the sales amounts of the contract deliverables that are linked to the contract shipments.

Eine Methode, Kostenobjekte und Überwachungscodes gemäß der Art der ihr zugrunde liegenden Kosten zu kategorisieren.

LN Projekt unterscheidet die folgenden Kostenarten:

• Material
• Personal
• Einsatzmittel
• Fremdleistung
• Sonstiges
• Gemeinkosten

Bei einer Kostenkomponente handelt es sich um eine Zusammenstellung von Kostenobjekten mit bestimmten Eigenschaften. Eine Kostenkomponente hängt nicht von der Kostenart ab, weshalb ein Projekt über ein anderes analytisches Unterkonto überwacht werden kann. So sind z. B. alle Kosten, die sich auf Elektroarbeiten beziehen, z. B. Kabelziehen und Installationsarbeiten, sichtbar, wenn die entsprechenden Kostenobjekte mit der Kostenkomponente "Elektroarbeiten" verknüpft sind.

Eine Art Kostenträger für die Ressourcen in Ihrem Projekt.

Die folgenden Kostenobjekte sind verfügbar:

• Material
• Personal
• Einsatzmittel
• Fremdleistung
• Sonstiges
• Gemeinkosten

Kostenobjekte können Standardkosten oder Kosten für ein bestimmtes Projekt sein. Das Kostenobjekt ist mit einem Überwachungscode zur Kostenüberwachung verbunden.

Eine Methode, mit der LN die Projektkosten kontrolliert.

Zur Kostenüberwachung gehört:

• das Erfassen von Ist-Kosten und deren Gegenüberstellung zu den im Budget angegebenen Plan-Kosten.
• das Melden aller Differenzen zwischen Budget, Prognose, erfassten Kosten und Fortschritt. Wenn die Kostenüberwachung für ein Element oder eine Aktivität aktiviert ist, werden die im Projektbudget erfassten Plankosten für das einzelne Element an das Überwachungsbudget weitergeleitet. Falls keine Kostenüberwachung für ein Element oder eine Aktivität durchgeführt wird, werden die Plankosten auf das nächst höhere Element der Budgetstruktur übertragen, für das eine Kostenüberwachung durchgeführt wird, und die Kosten dort verdichtet.

In dieser Periode werden projektbezogene Kosten und Erlöse gebucht.

This search path determines which cost and labor sales rates are used in hours registration.

The search path consists of four levels, each of which you can set to one of these:

• Mitarbeiter
• Tätigkeit
• Projekt
• Fachgruppe
• Abteilung

The default labor rate used, is level 1. If this level has no entry available, level 2 is used, and so on.

Lag is the modification of a logical relationship that directs a delay in the successor activity. Negative lag or lead allows an acceleration of the successor activity.

The cost amount plus surcharges.

To copy an estimate version to a project budget. The version estimate lines are copied to project budget lines.

The last particle of a structure. If a child is added to the leaf node in the structure, the leaf node becomes a parent and is called a node.

An earned value method in which budget amounts are released in proportion to effort. This method is appropriate for time-driven activities where it is assumed that there is no discrepancy between work planned and work performed.

An estimate type category that determines which estimate lines are used in aggregating totals.

A contingency fund for unanticipated occurrences, which reduces the risk of scope changes. In a time-phased budget version, this is the amount that is withheld for control purposes rather than distributed to the activity structure or retained for profit.

Management reserve is expressed as follows:

management reserve = contract amount - profit fee + distributed budget + undistr. budget

Abbreviation of Military Assistance Program Address Code.

An activity of zero days that usually represents a significant event in the project. In many cases the completion of a phase of major deliverable. Milestones can be used for the moment of invoicing and the calculation of earned value.

A type of flow shop in which two or more different products are assembled with relative small changes over time and set-up times. The product sequence can vary, for example, A-A-B-C-A-C-B-B-C-A, and so on.

Ein Auftrag zur Montage eines Produkts an einer oder mehreren Montagelinien.

The number of hours required to carry out one unit of labor. Used in an activity budget with cost type Personal, Einsatzmittel, or Fremdleistung.

Number of hours = number of labor	units * norm 

This norm is useful in situations where the unit of measure for the labor cost object is not a time unit.

The time required to obtain a purchased item, subcontract a service, or rent a piece of equipment. This time includes order document preparation, sourcing, and supplier lead time.

Overhead expenses are indirect costs (for example, electricity) that impact all manufacturing costs, except for direct labor and direct material that change depending on production volume.

allows you to define three types of overhead costs:

• Indirect materials

  These are costs that indirectly add up to the total cost of an item, such as light, heat, supervision, and maintenance.

• Indirect labor

  Indirect costs such as an hour of labor, administration and general meetings.

• Miscellaneous expenses

  Taxes, insurance, depreciation, repairs and so on.

Overhead allocation is a process of identifying, aggregating and assigning indirect costs to activities, for which organizations want to separately measure costs. The outcome of the overhead allocation process are the overhead rates. Predetermined overhead rates are assumed to be calculated in Excel by dividing the budgeted or estimated overhead with the budgeted activity and are used to apply overhead.

An overhead application base determines the project for which overhead must be calculated and applied.

An amount paid to the business partner by the contractor, in case the terms of the contractual agreement are not met.

An earned value method in which time-phased budget amounts are released in proportion to the progress of the project in terms of percentage.

The budgeted costs according to the progress at the end of the current period. In most cases, LN calculates the performed as follows: performed = budgeted amount * progress

In Projekt, a user-defined project subdivision. Typically, a phase consists of a number of project activities leading to a deliverable.

The progress in amounts. This is different from percentage completion, which is the progress in time.

Specifies the activity structure, the schedule, and the start and end dates. You can maintain alternative plans for a single project. The active plan is the one you actually use to track progress.

The date on which you intend to print an invoice and send it to the business partner.

The person or organizational unit associated with a particular project plan.

A type of activity. Planning packages are identified during planning to time phase major activities within a control account. You cannot book costs on this activity type.

An indication of the entry origin or how the entry is posted to Finanzwesen. Read for entry: transaction, revenue, order, and costs, and so on.

You can use the price policy to calculate the equipment, item and subcontracting cost or the purchase price. The sundry costs cost object does not use this policy and labor has its own price search path.

The only structure, linked to the estimate version, that can be used to calculate the estimate. This structure is used to check the top-down constraints (if any). The primary structure is one of two structures that you can use to sort estimate lines. Alternatively, you can use the sort structure to sort estimate lines.

The company or the organization that originally acquires the contract.

The (part of) the project or resource that is completed or used.

In a time-phased budget version, the profit retained by the company that performs the project.

The profit fee is expressed as follows:

profit fee = contract amount - management reserve + distributed budget +	undistr. budget

A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain more benefits and control.

The process by which an element or activity is completed over the lifetime of the project. Progress can be recorded at cost type, cost object, or at control code level.

A line or specification in progress-based invoicing. Motivation lines or specifications form the basis for an installment. Motivation lines or specifications contain all the billable amounts and quantities.

Progress payments requests are created based on the cost incurred by the business partner as the work progresses for a contract.

The output from progress registration while a project is in progress. You can switch interim results on or off by project or by cost object within a project. If you switch it off, you can only report completed.

The budget you work in. Control budget is the frozen budget where progress registration, customer invoicing, cost control, and input for project requirements planning are found. The purchase budget is also derived from the project budget.

If the project is performed in another country, the project currency is useful for monitoring. This currency can be an external currency that is not specified as one of the home currencies.

A tangible or intangible item that is produced or purchased as a result of a project. A project deliverable is intended to be shipped to an internal or external customer.

The way to characterize a project.

LN distinguishes these statuses:

• Frei

  A project definition has been recorded, but the project has not yet been executed. Changes are still possible.

• Aktiv/In Ausführung

  During the execution of a project you can release, purchase, and register cost transactions.

• Beendet

  The project is completed but it has not (yet) been financially closed. You can still register cost transactions. Actual purchase orders cannot be present for the project.

• Abgeschlossen

  The project has been financially closed, the project definition can no longer be changed.

• Archiviert

  The project is stored in an archive company. The project archive company can be used as a repository for historical project data.

A way to characterize projects.

A project can have one of these types:

• Hauptprojekt: the project structure is composed of subprojects
• Teilprojekt: the project is a subproject to a main project
• Einzelprojekt: the project is a stand-alone project and is not part of a main project/subproject structure

A warehouse that only stores goods that are used for projects. In contradiction to a normal warehouse goods are administrated for a project and its details. The goods in the default project warehouse represent inventory value. The inventory value of a project warehouse is not part of the project costs. When the goods are transferred to the project, they add to the project costs. A project warehouse can be used by one or more projects.

A warehouse at which logistical transactions occur, but on which no integrations are logged. In project terms, it is as good as a project site in financial terms. In Lagerwirtschaft, the warehouse type must be Projekt and the Projekt-AiU-Lager field must be selected.

Ein Vorhaben mit einem bestimmten Ziel, das innerhalb vorgeschriebener Zeit- und Kostenbeschränkungen erfüllt werden muss, und das zur Definition oder Ausführung freigegeben wird.

An extension type that you must use if you are not sure of a certain part of the project costs when you develop your project. Settle the differences with the provisional-amounts budget and the actual costs at a later stage.:

Example

You are building a house with a standard kitchen costing $ 10,000, which is the provisional amount. When the house is almost finished, the customer determines on a more expensive kitchen, which brings the actual costs to $ 12,000. The customer is invoiced for the extra costs of $ 2,000.

A budget which defines a particular demand on a more detailed level than defined in the bottom-up budget. You can also use this to purchase cost objects with a manual order system.

A set of budget lines selected from the project budget to buy certain cost objects that are needed to carry out a project.

An agreement with a supplier for the supply of goods or services.

The price at which you buy cost objects expressed in the currency in which you bought them.

An extension type, which enables you to invoice the difference between the budgeted quantity and the actual quantity for a range of cost objects. Use this type when you are unsure of the quantities that you will spend in the project.

The relation that a project has to sales-order lines or sales-quotation lines. The requirement list is created in Projekt and triggers the supply chain of order processes.

A LN package that plans the orders and transfers them to other LN packages to fulfill the project requirements.

In the planning you can generate:

• A project requirement plan to procure material, equipment, and subcontracting, or to collect materials from warehouses
• A requirement list used for manufactured items produced on order

A scheduling method in which you cannot overload your resources. This method is prone to project delay.

A liability on an individual or groups to perform assigned actions.

holdback

A way to categorize invoiced amounts of the same invoice type in order to analyze revenue history.

A routing line that specifies the work center, the duration, and setup times of a Fertigung task.

A type of project for which the invoicing and the delivery of goods is carried out in the Verkauf module of Auftragsverwaltung. A sales order project is mostly used for product-based projects and is generated from sales orders.

The price or rate of cost objects, elements or activities, at which you sell, that are used for your project.

Die einzige Art von Aktivität, die mit einer Organisationsstruktur (OBS) verknüpft werden kann. Auf dieser Ebene kann die funktionelle Verantwortlichkeit für Arbeiten und Kosten zugewiesen werden. Sie können kurzzeitige Arbeiten in Sammelkonten näher ausführen und für die Ausführung eines Projekts einsetzen.

Any change to the project scope. A scope change almost always requires an adjustment to the project cost or schedule. A scope change results in more or in less work to be invoiced.

An alternative form of a description used for convenience during searching. Typically, it is an abbreviation, an acronym, or a mnemonic alternative to a full description.

For a project, when a purchase order is approved and due for receipt, it is called a soft commitment.

A structure that you can use to sort the estimate lines if the amount of estimate lines requires sorting.

The cost object's standard cost.

Die kleinste Arbeitseinheit, die für die Wartung und Instandhaltung erforderlich ist.

An earned value method in which percentages are assigned to the start and end of the activities. In other words, at the start of the activity, it is assumed that a particular percentage of the project is completed. Consequently, time-phased budget amounts are released based on these percentages.

A step in a project procedure. An activity that corresponds with a session of the Projekt package. Example: the activity generate control data is performed using the Überwachungsdaten aufbauen (tpptc1230m000) session.

A generic term for a project estimate structure element that can have a number of structure types, such as a project element, activity, cost type, an organization breakdown structure element, or an element of a reporting structure. A primary structure element is part of the primary structure that is linked to the estimate version.

A type of cost object representing services purchased from a third party for use in a project.

A tax or levy that is payable to a local or municipal authority to compensate for a disruption caused for the duration of a project. For example, a compensation for removing a sidewalk or part of a street to install the water pipes or sewer while constructing a high-rise apartment building.

Indirect cost and costs that do not belong to other cost types are booked as sundry costs, for example, insurance costs or expenses by employees such as meals and hotel costs.

A means of defining indirect project costs. Typically, surcharges are used to cover general overhead costs, including storage, handling, and maintenance costs, management overheads, and so on. Surcharges are calculated as a percentage of direct costs and are posted to a sundry-cost object. Surcharges can be calculated based on costs, budgets and revenues.

A specific task. You can use labor codes to control the costs of a labor code or of a group of labor codes.

A user-friendly way to define a project.

A person or organization with an indirect or non-contractual interest in a project, for example, a government body or regulatory agency.

A planning that implies that you cannot delay the project past its current finish date, even if this means overloading your resource.

A type of budget that is phased and spread out over a period of time. In LN there are various ways to plan the activities and look at the earned value. The earned value concept determines how the budget amounts are released and how the planned value is calculated.

A budget method that distributes the expected project amount across the project structure from top to bottom.

This budget method is used to time-phase the available budget amount across activities. Top-down budgeting supports different earned value methods.

A version is made to be able to track changes in the course of a project budget. More than one version can be defined for a top-down budget to support a long-term project. One version of the top-down budget will be actual. A version can be closed, which means that no changes can be made to the version data.

The highest element in the multilevel hierarchy of an element structure. The top element is used in the project definition to link the element structure to the project.

The date on which the planned order was last changed.

Eine allgemeine übergeordnete Kostenobjektebene, eine Ebene über dem speziellen Kostenobjekt.

Ein Überwachungscode wird zu Kontrollzwecken verwendet. Zu Analysezwecken können Sie Kostenobjekte derselben Kostenart unter einem Überwachungscode zusammenfassen. Wenn Sie ein Kostenobjekt verwenden, um eine Gruppe von Kostenobjekten zu kategorisieren, kann es seinen eigenen Überwachungscode verwenden. Sie können nicht mehr als einen Überwachungscode pro Baumdiagramm verwenden. Dieser wird für das festgeschriebene Bottom-up-Budget verwendet.

The project-budget part that is not yet distributed across the elements.

You can look at an undistributed budget on various levels:

• For activities: the undistributed budget equals the budget amount minus distributed budget
• For the version: the undistributed budget equals the contract amount minus profit fee minus management reserve minus distributed budget

The unit of measure for the cost object. This unit can affect how budget line quantities are calculated.

An invoicing method based on the progress and element or activity sales rate per unit. Invoices are booked against the contract amount with installments.

A filtering status that determines whether sales or cost line amounts are used in the calculation of the estimate totals, and whether the line is included in the scope of the estimate.

The cost variance at completion of the project. The variance is calculated using the formula:

Variance at Completion (VAC) = Budget At Completion (BAC) - Estimate At Completion (EAC)

Eine vertragsbezogene Projektlieferung ist ein materieller oder immaterieller Artikel, der auf der Grundlage eines Vertrags gefertigt oder gekauft wird.

A type of activity. Usually used to break down the project scope into smaller pieces. You can define work for a work-break-down structure element. You can aggregate the costs from control accounts or work packages. You cannot book costs on this activity type.

A Dutch law which dictates that a contractor is liable to pay for a subcontractor's taxes and social security contributions.

A formal authorization procedure to begin work on a specific activity. The process helps ensure that the authorized work is done at the right time and in proper sequence.

Work authorization status can have these values:

• Frei

  Work is not authorized for execution.

• Freigegeben

  Work is sanctioned for execution. This status is allowed only for activities under a leading plan and for elements which are part of the leading structure. The parent activity/element and the activity type cannot be changed.

• Gesperrt

  Work is under execution and needs to be suspended due to some constraints. The parent activity/element and the activity type cannot be changed.

• Beendet

  Work is executed. The parent activity/element and the activity type cannot be changed.

• Abgeschlossen

  Work is completed and all related financial transactions are closed. The parent activity/element and the activity type cannot be changed.

The development stage of a business process, which is used to determine if the business process can be modified.