Specifying the default depreciation calculation
Depreciation is calculated and recorded on the profit and loss statement as a non-cash expense. It is also recorded on the balance sheet as accumulated depreciation. The purpose of depreciation is to allow an organization to recognize the expense of acquiring an asset over the useful life of the asset. There are multiple ways assets can be depreciated but you must select one method and record depreciation associated with all of its assets in the same manner. Acceptable methods of calculating depreciation are outlined by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). GAAP standards can vary by country or region, but IFRS standards are international. Both GAAP and IFRS support an accrual method of accounting which includes matching principal. Matching principal means that expenses should be recognized in the same period in which they contribute to revenue. For example, depreciation recognizing the expense of acquiring an asset over its life.
These are the depreciation calculations:
- Double declining balance
- Straight line
- Sum of the years' digits